Description of an example model and discuss it properties and technology

Description of an example model and discuss it properties and technology?


Intel Core 2 Duo


Core 2 Duo properties sporting up to 2.93GHz clock speeds and a 4 MB shared L2 cache. Overall, Core 2 Duo is a powerful processor that undoubtedly act as a type of solvent to remove the stains accumulated on Intel's armor throughout its Netburst days, and specifically those towards the end with Prescott.
The Core 2 architecture brings some really exciting additions Technologys to Intel's processor core.
These are:
1. Wider execution (now four-way instead of three-way)2. Smart Memory Access3. Advanced Smart Cache4. Advanced Digital Media Boost5. Virtualization6. EM64T7. Execute Disable Bit8. 14-stage pipeline (or less)

The CPU combines two independent cores working in parallel within the same packaging. These cores work at the same clock speed and share 2MB L2 cache. They are connected to the chipset using the same Quad Pumped Bus working at 1066MHz frequency and featuring 8.5GB/s bandwidth.
* Intel Wide Dynamic Execution . Each of the two processor cores can process four instructions per clock cycle.
* Intel Smart Memory Access . The enhanced data prefetch mechanism allows to reduce the idling time of the processor execution pipeline.
* Intel Advanced Smart Cache . Intellectual L2 cache is shared between the two processor cores depending on their load at the given moment of time. Moreover, the shared L2 cache speeds up data transfer rate between the cores and reduces the front side bus workload, because no data needs to be transferred via the system memory any more.
* Intel Advanced Media Boost . The processor works faster with SSE3 instructions because it can perform the binary operations with 128-bit SSE registers within one clock cycle.
* Intel Virtualization Technology (Intel VT) . This virtualization technology allows modeling the work of several virtual platforms on a single hardware system.
* Intel Enhanced Memory 64 Technology (Intel EM64T) . The processor supports x86-64 extensions that allow addressing over 4GB of system RAM and support the work with 64-bit general purpose registers.
* Execute Disable Bit . The OS is protected against harmful spyware and viruses that use “buffer overflow” error to gain control over the system.

* Lower heat dissipation and power consumption . Core 2 Duo processors are manufactured with the newest 65nm technological process.


- After you search about the hardware , what is the new ..?
Intel Xeon processor 5400 series .
Features & Benefits
Up to 2x better performance than previous generation dual-core and 5x better than single-core¹
Up to 20 percent better performance and 38 percent better performance per watt than previous generation quad-core² .

CPU

Pentium4
Athlon

Intel
AMD
Common manufacturer
1.3 GHz to 3.8 GHz
500 MHz to 2.33 GHz
Clock Speed

400 MT/s to 1066 MT/s
100 MHz to 200 MHz
FSB speeds
8 KB to 128KB
64KB to 128KB
L1 Cache size
512 KB to 2 MB
512KB to 1MB
L2 Cache Size
533 MHz to 800 MHz
2000 MHz
Bus Speed
400MHz(RDR RAM)
200MHz (SDRAM),266 MHz (DDR RAM)
Front Side Bus(FSB)
$78 to$1,349
$48.81 to $364.1


price

Athlon advantages:
1-The Athlon has sixteen times more level-1 high-speed cache memory than the Intel Pentium4.
2-The Athlon has ten stages in its pipeline, meaning that each instruction goes through a minimum of ten stages of processing before the answer is available. The Pentium 4's pipeline is twice as long.
3- The Athlon has more functional units.
4- The Athlon has three instruction decoders, while the Pentium 4 has only one.

Pentium4 advantages:
1-it has Special "SSE2" instructions can hugely improve performance of certain types of software specifically designed to use these instructions.
2-it has Faster cache memory. While the Athlon has more of it, the small amount that the Pentium 4 has is far faster.
3- it has Higher clock speeds.
Pepole like Athlon because:
1-Athlons are priced lower, Fewer compatibility problems.
2- Some people are bothered by Intel's lack of honestly in marketing that their processor's speed is based solely on its clock speed.
Pepole like Pentium4 because:
1-The Pentium 4 is an Intel processor, and many people feel more comfortable with a known brand name.
2- There are unreliable parts such as motherboards made for both AMD Athlons and Intel Pentium 4s. These parts are generally thought to be more common for Athlons, so it is statistically safer to get a Pentium 4 system.
Introduction
Central processing unit The CPU (central processing unit) is the brains of the computer. Sometimes referred to simply as the central processor, but more commonly called processor, the CPU is where most calculations take place. This device obeys instructions from the program (software) and manipulates relevant data .It has ultimate control over all other components, such as the memory, hard drive and printer. . The CPU is the most important element of a computer system.

A CPU is a microchip, similar to those found in television. When you run a program - which is essentially just a list of thousands, even millions, of coded instructions – on your PC, the list of instructions is copied from the drive the program is loaded on (hard drive , CD-ROM / DVD drive), to the computer’s memory. Memory can be thought of as millions of numbered storage boxes, each one being known as a “ memory address “ and capable of holding one instruction. When the program starts, CPU looks at the first storage box, or address, and carries out the instruction. Once this is done it looks at the next memory address and so on. CPUs are rated by clock speed, “and typical figures these days range from 1.5 GHz to 3.6 GHz. One GHz equivalent to a billion pulses per second.

Comparing Two Operating systems

- Compared the Differences Between Two Operating System:-





Installation

* Turn off the computer, and then place the XP program in the CD drive. Turn the computer back on and the operating system will begin the installation process.
* Follow the prompts.

* When arriving at the "Welcome to Setup" screen, Press ENTER to begin the installation process.
* Read the License Agreement, and press F8 indicating you agree to its terms.
* On the next screen, you are presented with a summary of the available partitions on your installed hard drives Select your partition and press ENTER. Select either "Format the Partition using the NTFS File System" OR "Format the Partition using the FAT File System," * Now the setup program will display various marketing information to you as it installs and configures itself to your system .
* Select your time zone, and ensure that the date/time are correct. Click "Next" to continue .setup will continue to install other devices and peripherals connected to your machine

* Insert boot disk to your CD drive then Switch on your computer.



* The first request made by the system is a decision about the language selected for the installation program.
* Press ENTER to start the installation program.

* Once the installation source has been defined, provided that there are no problems, it is the time to specify whether you want to update an old version or make a brand new installation.
* The installation program will present a box for you to choose your partition (You should create at least two partitions for Linux, Linux native and Linux swap. Linux native partition is used to hold the Linux kernel, utilities and etc. Linux swap partition is used to support virtual memory).
* The installation program will detect your network card automatically select the components you wish to install. If you want to install everything, your partition should have over 700 MB free space.
* Final configuration (Mouse, Network configuration , Clock and local time, Services, Printing)




Formation

The same as the installation but we choose ''Quitting the setup without installing Windows XP''.

You can upgrade from version of Redhat to another version without formatting ( just click the Upgrade bottom) but when you want to install a new operating system like Windows you have to format your computer to install it .

Updating

Choose "Control Panel," and in the next screen that comes up, you will double click "Automatic Updates''. Then you will have total control of setting up your computer for critical updates. Click "Apply" at the bottom of the panel and then "OK."


Check the ''Redhat Updates and Errata'' frequently, or sign up for the'' Redhat Network'' using rhn_register (There's usually an icon placed on your desktop), and use up2date to automatically update your system.

Requirement for Installing

CPU : 300 MHz
CPU : Pentium IV processor, 2.4GHz, 512K cache or equivalent.
HDD : 128 MB
HDD : 1.2 GB
RAM : 2.0GB
RAM : 128 MB

Cost
From 199$ To 299$
$1,058.00









Performance

Performance only gets better with additional resources, particularly when you run memory-intensive multimedia applications. Many users will want to expand their computer's memory to take advantage of multimedia applications and to achieve even better performance.

In general, adding memory is the easiest and most effective way to improve a computer's performance. For many workloads that involve Web browsing, e-mail, and other activities, 128MB of RAM will provide you with a user experience equivalent or superior to that of Windows Millennium Edition (Windows Me) running on the same hardware. If you're satisfied with using Windows Me on lower-end computers, you should find Windows XP a satisfactory upgrade.


Languages: Focused on international standards, such as OpenI18N and GB18030, Red Hat Enterprise Linux has documentation and software available in 15 languages: English, Japanese, German, Brazilian Portuguese, Korean, Italian, French, Simplified Chinese, Traditional Chinese, Spanish, Devnagari, Bangla, Punjabi, Tamil, Gujarati.
Auditing: In an update planned for mid-2005, a new auditing facility will be available that provides an open, bidirectional socket interface that can be used by auditing applications. It provides comprehensive auditing capabilities for SE Linux and standard Linux events.


* More secure applications.

* Protection against commonly exploited security flaws like e.g. buffer overflows integrated in the standard software stack

* Highest-grade protection via the SE Linux security feature. Protects system services from attacks, full transparency and is easy to extend and adopt.
* Smartcard authentication support.


The Securities Technology Analysis Center (STAC ([R])), a provider of performance measurement services, tools and research to the securities industry, reported the record-breaking performance results. The test used Reuters standard test procedures.





Security



Windows XP offers some useful security benefits, such as Windows Update, which can be set to install security patches automatically, and a built-in firewall. If a user doesn't install the updates for a long time after the Windows Update icon is displayed in the toolbar, Windows will automatically install them and restart the computer on its own. This can lead to the loss of unsaved data if the user is away from the computer when the updates are installed. Service Pack 2 enables the firewall by default. It also adds increased memory protection to let the operating system take advantage of new No execute technology built into CPUs such as the AMD64. This allows Windows XP to prevent some buffer overflow exploits.


Mandatory Access Control: Security Enhanced Linux (SE Linux) provides a MAC infrastructure that complements the existing Discretionary Access Control security features provided by the standard Linux environment. In a MAC-based environment, application capabilities and privileges are set by predefined policies and enforced by the kernel. This prevents errant applications from compromising system security.
Memory management enhancements: Several features, including Exec Shield and Position Independent Executables, combine to prevent applications from being exploited by attacks such as buffer overflows.
Compile and runtime consistency checking: New buffer validation techniques in the GCC compiler and Glibc library greatly reduce the risk of faulty applications being compromised.









Speed


* Deals with setting the amount of time Windows will take to kill open applications on shutdown.

* Changes the same settings, this time for all users on the system.

* Alter a second registry setting to decrease the amount of time Windows XP will wait before shutting down active services after receiving a shut down command.

This should help to considerably speed up Windows XP.

Up to 600,000 updates per second. In addition, standard deviation of latency--a measure of jitter--was also the lowest we've seen with RMDS: less than 0.5 milliseconds at rates up to 600,000 updates per second. Finally, a single server with a stacked RMDS topology was able to output a very high 5.8 million updates per second in the most








- Compatible Program and Application:-


Web Browsers

* Netscape Navigator.
* Microsoft Internet Explorer.

* Mozilla Firefox : web browser
* ICQ: With ICQ Instant Messenger you can video/audio chat, send email, SMS and wireless-pager messages, as well as transfer files and URLs
* MIRC: is a shareware Internet Relay Chat client.


Office Productivity

* Microsoft Word, Microsoft Excel, Microsoft Access, Microsoft PowerPoint®, Microsoft FrontPage®, Microsoft Outlook®, and Microsoft Project.
* Lotus Notes.
* Quicken (Intuit).

* OpenOffice.org v2.1.0 : It is similar to Microsoft Office but it is open source code, and smaller than MS office, also it's free (Writer, HTML, Calc Draw Impress - Equation Editor).

* Star office 6.0: similar to MS Office.


Multimedia

* Adobe Photoshop and Premiere.
* Corel Photo paint.
* Sonic Foundry's Sound Forge.
* Macromedia's Dreamweaver.

* Yine media player: It's the competitor for Windows Media Player.

* Gimp: It's a program for photos processing.

* Jet Audio 7.1.1 Basic.

* Video Clip

These are example of some compatible program and application in each OS…


- After your search finish what is your prefer…Why?

Of course without doubt Windows XP the reasons are:
1) Despite of the large propaganda of the Windows OS, but because of its ease of usage and there are verity of applications that satisfy Saudi customers so it is the best for us.

2) We think that Red hat OS is more convenient for mainframes and servers than Individual people.

3) Red hat is an OS that had an Open Source code so it is developed very quickly, but you can't find your Technical support so if you had any problem in red hat it is hard to solve it. In Windows it's very easy to contact with the Technician Supporters by the Internet.

- What you learn from Assignment, or any recommendations?

We get Knowledge about The Operating Systems and what is the best and what is not , we understood what is the requirements that we need before we Install a new OS.

- What are the difficult in Assignment?

Lack of reliable sources of information for example we took some Information from website and we found some websites that’s post information against what we found in another website,
Os is so broad Subject and our Knowledge is limited in what we used to use.





- References that we used in our report:-
Linux Distributions - Facts and Figures
redhat.com RHEL
Red_Hat_Global_Desktop_Linux:_The_Best_Kept_Secret?
http://www.klamaraby.com/vb/showthread.php?t=22053
5. http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/bb457057.aspx
6. http://soft.bdr130.net/ScreenShots-1840-eti-camcorder-pro.html
7. http://www.google.com.sa/search?hl=ar&defl=en&q=define:MIRC&sa=X&oi=glossary_definition&ct=title














Date of Deliver
21/11/1429 H